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References

Andrews, K. L. (1996). Rehabilitation in limb deficiency. 3. The geriatric amputee. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 77(3), S14-S17. Retrieved from: http://www.archives-pmr.org/article/S0003-9993(96)90238-5/pdf

 

Ehde, D. M., Czerniecki, J. M., Smith, D. G., Campbell, K. M., Edwards, W. T., Jensen, M. P., & Robinson, L. R. (2000). Chronic phantom sensations, phantom pain, residual limb pain, and other regional pain after lower limb amputation. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 81(8), 1039-1044.  Retrieved from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2000.7583

 

Esquenazi, A., & DiGiacomo, R. (2001). Rehabilitation after amputation. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 91(1), 13-22. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alberto_Esquenazi/publication/12135402_Rehabilitation_After_Amputation/links/00b495182a666d643b000000.pdf

 

Esquenazi, A., & Meier, R. H. (1996). Rehabilitation in limb deficiency. 4. Limb amputation. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 77(3), S18-S28. Retrieved from: http://www.archives-pmr.org/article/S0003-9993(96)90239-7/pdf

 

Flor, H. (2002). Phantom-limb pain: characteristics, causes, and treatment. The Lancet Neurology, 1(3), 182-189. Retrieved from: http://psych.unl.edu/mdodd/psy498/phantomlimb.pdf

 

Gailey, R. S., Roach, K. E., Applegate, E. B., Cho, B., Cunniffe, B., Licht, S., ... & Nash, M. S. (2002). The amputee mobility predictor: an instrument to assess determinants of the lower-limb amputee's ability to ambulate. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 83(5), 613-627. doi: 10.1053/apmr.2002.32309

 

Hale, C. A. (2013). Physiotherapy for people with major amputation. In Porter, S. B. (Ed.), Tidy’s Physiotherapy (15th ed., pp. 457-474). Elsevier Ltd. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-7020-4344-4.00018-3

 

Hyland, N. W. (2009). A comparative analysis of two gait training approaches for individuals with transtibial amputation. Seton Hall University. Retrieved from: https://search.proquest.com/openview/5a37ff53f099f36fa6d7a42866ed9fa1/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y

 

Karl, A., Birbaumer, N., Lutzenberger, W., Cohen, L. G., & Flor, H. (2001). Reorganization of motor and somatosensory cortex in upper extremity amputees with phantom limb pain. Journal of Neuroscience, 21(10), 3609-3618. Retrieved from: http://www.jneurosci.org/content/21/10/3609.full

 

Manella, K. J. (1981). Comparing the effectiveness of elastic bandages and shrinker socks for lower extremity amputees. Physical therapy, 61(3), 334-337.

 

Moirenfeld, I., Ayalon, M., Ben-Sira, D., & Isakov, E. (2000). Isokinetic strength and endurance of the knee extensors and flexors in trans-tibial amputees. Prosthetics and orthotics international, 24, 221-225. Retrieved from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03093640008726551

 

Murphy, D. (2013). Fundamentals of Amputation Care and Prosthetics. New York: Demos Medical Publishing.

 

Nelson, V. S., Flood, K. M., Bryant, P. R., Huang, M. E., Pasquina, P. F., & Roberts, T. L. (2006). Limb deficiency and prosthetic management. 1. Decision making in prosthetic prescription and management. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 87(3), 3-9. Doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2005.11.022

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Nikolajsen, L., & S. Jensen, T. (2001). Phantom limb pain. British journal of anaesthesia, 87(1), 107-116. Retrieved from: https://www.physio-pedia.com/images/a/a8/Phantomlimb.pdf

 

Orendurff, M., Raschke, S. U., Winder, L., Moe, D., Boone, D. A.,  & Kobayashi, T. (2016). Functional level assessment of individuals with transtibial limb loss: evaluation in the clinical setting versus objective community ambulatory activity. Journal of rehabilitation and assistive technologies engineering, 3, 1-6. doi: 10.1177/2055668316636316

 

Rábago, C. A., & Wilken, J. M. (2016). The Prevalence of Gait Deviations in Individuals With Transtibial Amputation. Military Medicine, 181(11), 30- 37. Retrieved from: http://militarymedicine.amsus.org/pb-assets/Supplements/Raising_the_Bar_Special%20Issue_sm.pdf#page=32

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Spires, M. C., Kelly, B., & Davis, A. (2013). Prosthetic restoration and rehabilitation of the upper and lower extremity. New York: Demos Medical Publishing

 

Subedi, B., & Grossberg, G. T. (2011). Phantom Limb Pain: Mechanisms and Treatment Approaches. Pain Research and Treatment, 2011, 864605. doi: 10.1155/2011/864605

 

Tintle, S. M., Agner Forsberg, J., Keeling, J. J., Shawen, S. B., & Kyle Potter, B. (2010). Lower extremity combat-related amputations. Journal of surgical orthopaedic advances, 19(1), 35-43. Retrieved from: http://www.wheelessonline.com/userfiles/19-1-7.pdf

Corewalking (2017). Trendelenburg gait. Retrieved from: https://corewalking.com/trendelenburg-gait/

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Cornell Orthotics and Prosthetics (2011). Suspension sleeve. Retrieved from: http://www.cornelloandp.com/prothetics/suspension-sleeve/

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Dwortzan, M. (2012). Bionic men. Retrieved from: https://www.bu.edu/today/2012/bionic-men/

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Fitzsimons, T. (2010). PTB sockets. Retrieved from: http://www.austpar.com/portals/prosthetics/transtibial_sockets.php

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Gholizadeha, H., Abu Osmana, N. A., Kamyabb, M., Eshraghia, A., Wan Abasa, W. A. B., & Azam, M. N. (2012). A Novel use of Motion Analysis System: Prosthetic Suspension Evaluation. Clinical biomechanics, 27, 34-39. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215648350_A_Novel_use_of_Motion_Analysis_System_Prosthetic_Suspension_Evaluation

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iKnowledge (2015). Assessment of gait. Retrieved from: https://clinicalgate.com/assessment-of-gait/

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Medical expo (2017). Polycentric prosthetic knee joint / 1 / standard / adult. Retrieved from: http://www.medicalexpo.com/prod/oessur/product-74948-467934.html

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Morgan, C. (2012). Hip flexion contracture reasons. Retrieved from: http://sharonkaram.com/tag/flexion/page/5/

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NZALS (2017). Knee joints. Retrieved from: http://www.nzals.co.nz/products/categories/knee-joints

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Orthoeurope (2017). Single axis knees. Retrieved from: http://www.ortho-europe.com/product/single-axis-knees/

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OrtoPed (2015). Iceross Seal-In® X5 Transfemoral Liners. Retrieved from: https://www.ortoped.ca/en/iceross-seal-in-sup-r-sup-x5-transfemoral-liners.html

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Össur South-Africa (2017). Components of a prosthetic leg. Retrieved from: https://www.ossur.co.za/prosthetic-solutions/information-for-amputees/about-prosthetic-legs/components-of-a-prosthetic-leg

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Ottobock (2017). Keeping your leg on (suspension). Retrieved from: http://www.ottobockus.com/prosthetics/info-for-new-amputees/prosthetics-101/keeping-your-leg-on-(suspension)/

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pdhpe (2015). Base of support. Retrieved from: https://www.pdhpe.net/the-body-in-motion/how-do-biomechanical-principles-influence-movement/balance-and-stability/base-of-support/

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Physical medicine & Rehabilitation (2016).  Transfemoral Prostheses. Retrieved from: https://musculoskeletalkey.com/transfemoral-prostheses/

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Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (2016). Transtibial prosthetics. Retrieved from: https://musculoskeletalkey.com/transtibial-prosthetics/

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Physiopedia (n.d.). Prosthetics. Retrieved from: https://www.physio-pedia.com/Prosthetics​

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PostureDirect (2017). How to fix your hyperlordosis (arched back). Retrieved from: http://posturedirect.com/fix-hyperlordosis-arched-back/

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Taylor, L., Cavenett, S., Stepien, J., Crotty, M. (2008).  Removable rigid dressings: A retrospective case-note audit to determine the validity of post-amputation application. Prosthetics & Orthotics International, 32(2), 223-230. doi: 10.1080/03093640802016795

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Vitality medical (2015). Juzo Dynamic Xtra Below the Knee Stump Shrinker 30-40 mmHg

Retrieved from: 

https://www.vitalitymedical.com/juzo-dynamic-xtra-below-the-knee-stump-shrinker-30-40-mmhg.html

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Image references
Video references

dcraig35 (2008). AK circumduction [Video]. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a-m9D2GRTPU

 

dcraig35 (2008). Drop off [Video]. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N1mhIeeMlGU

 

dcraig35 (2008). Excessive heel rise [Video]. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3sH3DAePmLk

 

dcraig35 (2008). Excessive pelvic elevation [Video]. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A9f69mmgBzk

 

dcraig35 (2008). Excessive toe out [Video]. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=flGzJQqiFg0

 

dcraig35 (2008). Excessive valgus [Video]. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fol4gSdI128

 

dcraig35 (2008). Excessive varus [Video]. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qB5UcQtiK3g

 

dcraig35 (2008). External rotation of the foot at heel strike [Video]. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TRDldHblPs4

 

dcraig35 (2008). Foot slap [Video]. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmrUx488WM0

 

dcraig35 (2008). Foot slap [Video]. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9xB_SivZ7E

 

draig35 (2008). Hyperextension of the knee [Video]. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VWHGWEP_vC8

 

dcraig35 (2008). Lateral trunk bending [Video]. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b2n0USprXmQ

 

dcraig35 (2008). Lateral whip [Video]. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wfG7sg7dQMA

 

dcraig35 (2008). Medial whip [Video]. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sbrSRwoaSGU

 

dcraig35 (2008). Prosthetic knee instability [Video]. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=guzHBE_TDVY

 

dcraig35 (2008). Terminal impact [Video]. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tyVKxmvFBVQ

 

dcraig35 (2008). Unequal step length [Video]. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZdOAW4T652I

 

dcraig35 (2008). Vaulting [Video]. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i2bxODibvb0

 

MOOR Orthotics & Prosthetics (2016). Endolite Orion 3 microprocessor knee [Video]. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BWTAZcMM6EY

 

Ottobock (2016). Prosedo - Locking knee with sitting assist [Video]. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOKlM9mZKCI

 

Physiopedia (2015). Amputee gait 2 [Video]. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S5Xb_FBDroo

 

Physiopedia (2015). Amputee gait 3 [Video]. Retrieved from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tu_wWjZYpDI

 

Physiopedia (2015). Amputee gait 4 [Video]. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hiidXLz1Q-k

Tamara Brown PT4

La Trobe University 2017 

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